On the (pre-1918) French-German border, for example, flyovers were provided so that trains moving on the left in France end up on the right in Germany and vice versa. In Ukraine, some sections of Kryvyi Rih Metrotram use LHT due to tramcars having doors only on right side, which makes it impossible to use RHT at stations with island platforms.

The railroads (and the metro) use LHT in general, but in Malmö they use RHT due to the connection to Denmark. In Sweden, the tram systems in Gothenburg (except for an Angered station and stations with island platforms), Norrköping and Stockholm (except for Alvik - Alleparken section) are RHT. In Spain, where rails are RHT, metro systems in Madrid and Bilbao use LHT. In countries such as Indonesia, it is the reverse (right-hand running for railways and left-hand running for roads). However, there are many exceptions: in Switzerland, the Lausanne Metro and railways at the Germany border area use RHT as well as all tram systems. Thus in Belgium, China (apart from metro systems), France (apart from the classic lines of the former German Alsace and Lorraine), Sweden (apart from Malmö and further south), Switzerland and Italy for example, the railways use left-hand running, while the roads use right-hand running. In any given country, rail traffic generally runs to one side of a double-track line, not always the same side as road traffic. This improved with the development of the telegraph and the train order system.

In the earliest days of railways in the United States most lines were built as single-track for reasons of cost, and very inefficient timetable working systems were used to prevent head-on collisions on single lines. In the early days the Board of Trade did not consider any single-track railway line to be complete. The lines also tended to be busy enough to be beyond the capacity of a single track. In the earliest days of railways in the United Kingdom, most lines were built as double-track because of the difficulty of co-ordinating operations before the invention of the telegraph. 5.1.3 Never-used provision for duplication.5.1.2 Carried-out provision for duplication.

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